Peter Kažimír was born on June 28, 1968 in Košice. He holds a degree from the University of Economics in Bratislava, specialising in foreign trade economics.
Kažimír worked as a tax advisor and has been a member of several boards of directors and supervisory boards.
He was first elected to the parliament in 2006. In the same year he was appointed state secretary of the Ministry of Finance where he served until 2010. He became finance minister in 2012.